Unit 1 Education
Objectives
1. Read what Bill Gates says about education;
2. Build up your vocabulary relating to campus life; 3. Learn something from an ancient Greek educator; 4. Study different types of nouns; 5. Write an introduction of yourself. Focuses
1. Build up your vocabulary relating to campus life; 2. Write an introduction of yourself. Outline
1. Warm-up Discussion; study of words and expressions in Text A; Vocabulary Check (B and C) 2. Discussion of Text A and the follow-up exercises (A and B) 3. Active Words and Vocabulary Check; Grammar Tips 4. Discussion of Text B and the follow-up exercises
5. Comprehensive Exercises (Ask the students to do the translation exercises outside of the
class beforehand) 6. Practical Writing
Procedures:
Classroom Activities I. Warm-up discussion
Question: Do you know anything about Bill Gates such as his life and his educational background? Hint
1) birthday and birthplace: October 28, 1995; Seattle, Washington
2) educational background: Harvard University (education not completed)
3) career: chairmen and chief software architect of Microsoft, the word’s largest and most profitable software company. 4) main events in his life:
a. beginning programming computers at age 13;
b. developing a version of the programming language BASIC for the first microcomputer in Harvard;
c. founding Microsoft Corporation in 1975 at the age of 19
II. Vocabulary in Text A 1. education n. 教育
e.g. Children in poor areas receive free education. educate v. 教育；教导 educated adj. 受教育的
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e.g. a well-educated man educator n. 教育家，教育者 2. count v. 派用场，点数
e.g. 1) Every seconds counts.
2) What counts more is whether you have tried your best. 3) to count from 1 to 100 4) Count these apples.
3. advantage n. 有利条件，好处；优点，优势 e.g. This product has many advantages.
advantageous adj. 有利的，有益的，便利的 e.g. It is highly advantageous to us.
Phrase: take advantage of 很好的使用；利用 e.g. take advantage of all educational opportunities Antonym: disadvantage n. 不利；不利条件
e.g. His bad health is a great disadvantage to him when he looks for work. 4. lifetime n. 一生，终生 e.g. 1) a lifetime guarantee 2)lifetime membership
3) In my father’s lifetime there have been many changes in the village. 5. part-time adj.& adv. 兼职的（地） e.g. 1)a part-time job 2)He works part-time. full-time adj. 全职的 e.g. a full-time housewife
6. programmer n. 程序师，编程员 program v. 编制程序
e.g. Please program the computer to do the job instead of doing it manually(手工操作). 7. discourage vt. 不鼓励；使泄气，使失去信心
e.g. His parents discouraged him from joining the air force. discouraged adj. 泄气的，失去信心的
discouraging adj. 使人泄气的，使人失去信心的
e.g. 1) If you meet difficulty in your study, don’t be discouraged. 2) It is discouraging that I didn’t know how to solve the problem. Antonym: encourage vt. 鼓励
e.g. I encouraged her to work hard and to try to pass the examinations. courage n. 勇敢，勇气
e.g. David showed great courage when he saved the child from the burning house. 8. diploma n. 文凭，毕业证书 e.g. a college diploma
diplomatic adj. 外交的，从事外交的
e.g. Julia joined the diplomatic service after her graduation from university. 9. project n. 项目，课题
e.g. 1) an impossible project
2) The professor is directing a research project.
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Synonym: plan
10. highly adv. 高度地；非常 e.g. 1) a highly interesting story 2) a highly paid job
Phrase: speak/ think highly of 赞扬，对…给予很高评价 e.g. The leader speaks / thinks highly of our work. 11. focus v. （使）集中；（使）聚焦 e.g. 1) to focus (one’s mind) in work 2) All eyes focused on the speaker. focus n. （兴趣活动等的）中心，焦点
e.g. Because of his strange clothes, he immediately became the focus of attention when he
entered the office. 12. range n. 范围
e.g. You have a wide range of choices. range vi. 在某范围内变化
e.g. The temperature ranges from 10 to 20 degrees. 13. attend v. 参加，出席 e.g. attend school attend a lecture
attendance n. 出席，到场 14. automatically adv. 自动地
e.g. the machine operates automatically. automatic adj. 自动的
e.g. We have an automatic washing machine. 15. drop out of 退学，不参与，退出
e.g. 1) He dropped out of school at the age of 10 because his family was too poor to afford the
tuition.
2) She decided to drop out of the competition because it was not fire. 16. chance of a lifetime 千载难逢的良机，一生中唯一的机会
e.g. It’s the chance of a lifetime. You will regret it the rest of your life if you don’t take it. 17. try out 试验，考验
e.g. She bought a cookbook and tried out a few new recipes. 18. in short 简而言之，总之
e.g. In short, you should study hard for a better future. Synonym: in brief/ to sum up/ all in all/ in conclusion
III. Language Points in Text A
1. They want to know what to study, or whether it’s Ok to drop out of college since that’s what I did.
what to study: This is a wh-word + infinitive structure used as the object, which can be changed into an object clause. Wh-word + infinitive structure can be used as a subject, an object, or an appositive clause(同位语从句)，for example:
1) How to improve their English is often discussed among the students. 2) We haven’t decided when to visit the place.
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3) You haven’t answered my question about where to get these books.
it’s Ok to drop out of college: Here “it” is used as a formal subject, and the actual subject is the infinitive structure “to drop out of college”. The general pattern is “It is + adj. + (for/ of + sb.) to do sth.” More examples:
1) It was very thoughtful of her to come to see me when I was ill. 2) It’s easy for me to see through his trick.
that’s what I did: “what I did” here is a predictive clause (表语从句)introduced by “what”. It is always structured in the form of “subject + be/ look/ remain/ seem + predictive clause” and can be introduced by such words as “that” (always omitted), and other wh-words, for example: 1) It seems (that) it is going to rain.
2) This is why I refused to attend the meeting.
2. As I’ve said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the chance of a lifetime.
As I’ve said before: This is a non-restrictive relative clause(非限制性关系从句) introduced by “as”(正如…的那样), which can be placed at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. More examples:
1) As people expected, she was admitted to Beijing University.
2) Hundreds of people were killed in the earthquake, as I have learned from the newspaper.
unless: is a conjunction for an adverbial clause of condition (条件状语从句), which equals “if…not…”(除非).
e.g. I won’t leave unless the rain stops.
3. In my company’s early years, we have a bright part-time programmer who planned to drop out of high school to work.
planned to: intend to do sth.计划、打算做某事
e.g. I plan to make a trip to Beijing during the summer vocation.
who planned to …work: a restrictive relative clause introduced by “who” since its antecedent is a person and serves as the subject in the clause. The relative pronoun “that” can be used here too. More examples:
1) The young man who sits there quietly is my brother. 2) I don’t like people that pry into others’ private business.
4. Having a diploma certainly helps somebody who is looking to us for a job. look to sb./ sth.: to depend on sb. or sth. for help or advice 指望，依赖 e.g. We look to you for support.
5. High school and college offer you the best chance to learn many things and to do projects with others that teach you about team spirit.
that teach you about team spirit: This is a restrictive relative clause introduced by “that”, whose antecedent acts as the subject of the clause. Actually the relative clause introduced by “that” can be used to modify both the person or the thing, and the roll of “that” can be either the subject or the object.
e.g. He was the only one that I knew there.
I haven’t been to the place that you have mentioned.
6. In high school there was a time when I was highly focused on writing software, but for most of my high school years I had many interests.
when …software: This is a relative clause introduced by the relative adverb “when”, which acts
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as the adverbial of time in the clause.
e.g. 1) There was a time when I completely lost my self-confidence. 2) I will never forget those days when we were together.
7. For me, classroom is not the only place where you can learn.
where you can learn: This is a restrictive relative clause introduced by the relative adverb “where”, which is used as the adverbial of place in the clause.
e.g. 1) Do you still remember the restaurant where we had dinner last night? 2) This is the place where he stayed his whole life.
8. In short, it’s a real mistake not to take the chance to study a wide range of subjects and to learn to work with other people because education does count.
it’s a real mistake not to take the chance: This is an example of a negative infinitive structure, where “not” is placed before an infinitive.
e.g. 1) We are asked not to speak loudly in class.
2) It is a good idea not to go out on such a rainy day.
IV. Focus on Grammar 名词(Noun )
一、名词的概念 表示人、事物或抽象概念的词叫做名词。
二、名词的分类 按照意义划分，名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。 1. 专有名词
专有名词表示特定的人或物，如人名、地名、机构组织名称等，首字母须大写，有些须带定冠词。如
Shakespeare Michael Jordan New York Europe the Atlantic the Philippines the United Nations the People’s Republic of China 2. 普通名词
普通名词表示某类人或某类事物的名称，又可分为四类。 1）个体名词：指人或物的个体，可以计数。如：a book, two books’; a teacher, several teachers 2）集体名词：指一群人或物的总称，有些可数，有些不可数，而有些总以复数形式出现。 可数集体名词，如：class, team, family
不可数集体名词，如：furniture, equipment, machinery 复数形式的集体名词，如：people, police, clothes
3）物质名词：表示不能分为个体的物质，为不可数名词。如：meat, milk, gold, cloth, land 4）抽象名词：表示人或物的品质、状态等抽象概念，为不可数名词。如：friendship, hunger 三、名词的计数 按照名词是否有复数形式，还可以把名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词的复数形式构成有规则变化与不规则变化之分。 1. 规则可数名词复数形式的构成详见学生用书。 2. 不规则名词的复数构成主要有以下几种情况：
1）通过内部元音变换成复数。如：foot-feet, mouse-mice, man-men 2）通过加-en变为复数。如：child-children, ox-oxen
3）有些名词单复数同形。如：means-means, species-species, sheep-sheep 4）外来词的复数形式。如：analysis-analyses, datum-data, criterion-criteria 3. 不可数名词的计数：不可数名词的计数须使用“单位词”。如： A piece of news, an article of furniture, a bar of chocolate, a bowl of rice
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V. Language Points in Text B
1. Being a man of few words: This is an –ing participial phrase（现在分词短语） used as an adverbial to denote cause or reason, which can be changed into an adverbial clause of cause or reason（原因状语从句）: “As he was a man who didn’t speak a lot.” e.g. Not feeling well, she asked for leave to go to the doctor.
Being poor in health and lacking in teaching experience, she was dismissed. 2. He …with all of his clothes still on, walked straight out into the sea:
with all of his clothes still on: This is a prepositional phrase used as an adverbial denoting accompanying circumstances.
e.g. He left home with the door unlocked.
We stayed here for a whole week with nothing to do at all.
3. The student followed him and joined him where the water was just below their chins. join sb.: to be with sb., to come into the company of sb. e.g. I asked her to join me in a walk.
Please join me in a toast to the health of our host.
4. Looking deep into his student’s eyes: This is an –ing participial phrase denoting accompanying circumstances, which can be changed into a coordinate clause. e.g. She telephoned me, telling me that she had got a promotion. He came downstairs, singing softly to himself.
5. Just before a life was taken away, Socrates freed the student. take away: to cause to lose
e.g. No one can take away what is destined to belong to you.
The man was courageous enough to save the girl from the fire even though it might have taken away his life.
6. “When you want wisdom and knowledge as badly as you wanted to breath, then you will have them.”
as…as…: 像……一样，和……一样
e.g. She is my favorite singer. In my eye, there is no one as good as her. The new campus is twice as big as the old one.
VI. Focus on Writing
人们初次见面往往要做自我介绍，而书面的自我介绍主要见于求职信或自我推荐信。一般来说，自我介绍应包括姓名、性别、年龄、出生地、家庭背景、教育情况、工作经历、兴趣爱好等。如果是交友目的的自我介绍，也可以适当加入相貌描写。自我介绍内容上要真实准确，表达上应清楚礼貌。
Expressions for description of a person:
1) Forehead: A person’s forehead can be large, high, low, broad, narrow, flat, etc. 2) Face: A person’s face can be round, square, oval, thin, long, big, etc.
3) Eyes: A person may have dark eyes, deep-set eyes, clear and bright eyes, watery eyes, etc.
4) Hair: Hair may be short, long, thin, thick, straight, curly, wavy, unkempt, etc. And hair may have the colors of black, red, brown, grey, silver, white, fair, blond, golden, etc. 5) Figure: A person’s figure may be slender, slim, fat, plump, stout, thin, lean, etc. 6) Height: A person may be tall, short, of medium/ average height, etc.
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Unit 2 Friendship
Objectives:
1. Basic vocabulary: operator, neighborhood, discover, device, amazing, hammer, sympathy
mouthpiece, moment, sob, bleed, fridge, comfort, pet, belong, land, airport, dial, hometown, plan, pause, mean
2. Speaking and discussion: talking about friendship and the stories between students and their
friends.
3. Grammar: pronoun
4. Writing: writing personal letters Focuses:
1. The usage of words and expressions 2. Grammar: pronoun
3. Writing a letter: how to write a letter; practice writing a letter 4. Listening: pay attention to the listening skills and contents. Outline:
1. Vocabulary and expressions <2> 2. Reading: text A <2> 3. Grammar <1>
4. Exercises and writing <1> 5. Listening and speaking <2>
Procedures: The first period: Step1: warm up (10minutes)
Ask the students to talk about the meaning of friendship, or introduce their friends to us, and tell us some interesting stories between them.
Step2: vocabulary and expressions (35minutes) 1.operate v. 操作；运转
e.g. Do you know how to operate the machine? Operator n. 电话接线员
2. neighborhood n. 附近地区；近邻
e.g. The whole neighborhood came to see what happened. neighbor n. 邻居
neighboring adj. 附近的 3.discover v. 发现
e.g. New oil fields have been discovered. discovery n. 探索 4. device n. 装置
e.g. He designed a device to water the garden. 5. amazing adj. 令人惊奇的
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amazed adj. 吃惊的；惊奇的 e.g. Her performance was amazing. e.g. I was amazed at her performance. 6. hammer n. 锤子； v. 用锤子敲，打 e.g. The hammer hit his foot. 7. sympathy n 同情
in sympathy with 同情，同意
e.g. I am in sympathy with those who are rich in material life but poor in spiritual life. sympathetic adj 同情的；有同情心的
e.g. When I told her why I was worried, she was very sympathetic. 8. moment n. 瞬间；片刻 at the moment 目前；现在
e.g. He is not in the office at the moment; nobody knows where he has gone. In a moment 一会儿；立即；马上 e.g. Dinner will be ready in a moment. The (very) moment (when) 一···就
e.g. The moment he appeared on the stage, the audience stood up. 9. sob v. 呜咽；啜泣
e.g. At the news that she hadn’t passed the exam, she sobbed loudly. 10. bleed v. 流血
e.g. The cut in my head bled a lot.
The second period:
Step1: vocabulary and expressions (15minutes) 11.comfort n. 安慰；舒适 e.g. He lived in comfort.
e.g.A friend is someone who can comfort you when you need it. comfortable adj. 舒服的；舒适的
e.g. She feels comfortable in her new shoes. 12 belong vi. 属于
e.g. I don’t belong to their group because we have little in common. 13. land v. 登陆；到达
e.g. The plane landed on time. 14. dial v. 拨电话号码
e.g. I may have dialed the wrong number since nobody answered. 15. plan n. & v. 计划
e.g. I plan to make a trip to Beijing during the summer vacation. 16. pause n. &vi. 暂停；停顿
e.g. There was a long pause in his speech. 17. mean v. 意味，意思
e.g. Friendship means a lot to me. Meaning n. 意思；意义 Meaningful adj. 有意义的
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Step2: Exercise (15minutes)
Ask the students to finish the exercise ,vocabulary check(part A), page24 Then check the answers
Key: 1. meant 2. hurt 3. plan 4. miss 5. hurt 6. missed 7. meant/means 8. plan
Step3: Reading text A (15minutes)
Give students 10students to go through the whole text, and finish comprehension A.,then check the answers. Key: CDACD
The third period:
Step1: Text A (45minutes)
Text A: My friend, the telephone operator Language Points:
1. There was no one home to offer sympathy: No one was at home to comfort me.. “Home” in this sentence is used as an adverb.
e.g. She will be home in half an hour if the traffic is fine. 2. think of doing sth.
e.g. I didn’t know what to say because I had never thought of meeting her on such an occasion. 3. on one’s way to 在前往···的路上
e.g. We got stuck in a traffic jam on our way to school today. 4. used to 过去常常（做）
e.g. There used to be a playground here, but now there is a skyscraper. Be/get used to doing 习惯做···
e.g. I have to get used to getting up early even on weekends. 5. look forward 期待着
e.g. I look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.
6. I wonder if you have any idea how much you meant to me during all that time.
I wonder if : This sentence construction can be used for an inquiry or a negative statement. e.g. I wonder if he knows what he is doing.
The fourth period:
Step1: Review the new words and expressions (10minutes)
Review the new words and expressions, then do the exercises, vocabulary check (part C),page 25.
Key: 1. belonged 2. pause 3. look forward to 4. discovered 5. land 6. used to 7. amazing 8. thinking of
Step2: Grammar Tips (25minutes) 代词 （Pronoun）
代词分为八类：人称代词，物主代词， 反身代词， 指示代词， 不定代词， 疑问代词， 连接代词和关系代词。
（1） 人称代词表示“我” “你” “他” “我们” “你们” “他们”的词称为人称代词。人称代词分为主格和宾格。
（2） 物主代词表示所有关系的代词。物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
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（3） 反身代词表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”等的代词称为反身代词。 （4） 指示代词表示“这个”“那个”“这些”等意思的代词称为指示代词。 （5） 不定代词表示没有指明的人或事。
（6） 疑问代词：包括who, whom, whose, which 和what五个词， 用以构成特殊疑问句。
Step3: Exercise (10minutes)
Ask the students to finish the practice (part B&C),then check the answers. Key: B: 1. their; Ours 2. myself 3. you 4. Which 5. all C: 1. much 2. anyone 3. another 4. Few 5. All
The fifth period:
Step1: Fast reading (10minutes)
Give students 5 minutes to go through the text, then do the exercise, comprehension (partA). Key: BDCAD
Step2: Text B (35minutes) Language points:
1. in reply 回答；答复
e.g. He said nothing in reply, and just nodded instead. 2. go through 经历；经受
e.g. She has gone through much hardship in her lifetime. 3. turn into 变成
e.g. There used to be a park here, bur now it has turned into an apartment complex. 4. thousands of 数以千计
e.g. She received thousands of letters from her fans every month. 5. come to 逐渐开始；达到（某种状态）
e.g. He came to realize that health was more important than anything else. 6. get off 走下
e.g. I saw her as soon as I got off the train. 7. face to face 面对面的 e.g. We sat quite, face to face. 8. lose heart 灰心；丧气
e.g. Don’t lose heart, You still have a chance.
Homework: Comprehensive Exercise (part B&D),page 31 &32
The sixth period:
Step1: Check the answers (15minutes) Key: Part B : CCBBC BDDAA
Part D: 1. What he says hurts his friend’s feelings.
2. John means a lot to Bill because he often helped him a lot. 3. We all have sympathy for her.
4. Mary likes to share her happiness with her friends. 5. I look forward to meeting him again. Step2: Writing (30minutes)
Personal letters: Learn how to write a personal letter, then ask students to practice writing letter.
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Unit 3 Gifts
Objectives:
1. To master the useful words and expressions
2. To gasp the grammar points: 基数词和序数词的区别 3. To improve reading and writing skills Focuses: 1. Vocabulary 2. Test A
1) be careful in doing sth. be careful of sth
2) only + adv.(adverbial clause句型中，谓语动词部分要倒装 3) make +O (n/ pron.)+O.C (adj./ n / pre.p. / pant.p ./ prep.phr )
4) 不及物动词的动词不定式短语做定语修饰前面的名词时，其中的介词不能省
5) 语法基数词和序数词的区别，用法，及其读法，尤其是特殊序数词（可提在课文前讲） 3. Test B
1) 做动词，介词或形容词的宾语从句 2) until与not...until状语从句的区别
3) 现在分词的一般式与现在分词的完成式作状语的区别 Outline:
1. Study of words and expressions in Text A; Vocabulary Check (B and C) 2. Discussion of Text A and the follow-up exercises (A and B) 3. Active Words and Vocabulary Check; Grammar Tips 4. Discussion of Text B and the follow-up exercises
Procedures:
Part 1 Vocabulary（2 periods） 1. Read the new words aloud.
2. A brief introduction of the new words.
Gift=present interviewer n 面试官，会见者 interviewee n 被访问者，被接见者 Occasional adj. 偶尔的，不妙的, occasionally adv. 偶尔，有时
Invite v 邀请 host v 做东 hostage n 人质，抵押品 hostess n女主人，旅店女老板 Introduce v 传入，介绍，引进 modesty n 谦逊，谨慎，优雅 Requirement n 需要，需求 require sb. to sth.要求某人做某事 require sth of sb 对某人有要求
Attentive adj. 注意的，关心的，有礼貌的 ~ly adv ~ness n
Pay attention to 关心，关注 you should pay attention to your studies
Give attention to 关心，关注 give you whole attention to what you are doing 全心做你所做的事情
Call / draw one’s attention to sth 促使某人注意某事 alcohol n. 酒精
Person n 人物，人称，人格 personally adv 亲自，本人自己 personnel n 全体人员，职员（=staff）
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Personalize v 人格化 拟人 personify v 看作人 拟人 personality n 个性 人格 人物 Wrap up 穿的暖和 结束 完成 be wrapped up in 埋头于…全神贯注于… She was wrapped up in her book , and didn’t notice me at all 她沉浸于书本中，完全没有注意到我
3. Explain the important words 1) give n (1) 给予
(2) 弹性，弹力，可变性，适应性 (3) take 交换，互让 妥协 (4) 卖与，交换
I will give it for 5 dollars 五美圆我就卖了．I will give 5 dollars for it 五美圆我就买了 (5）产生 产出 发生 引起 trees give fruit 树结果子
(6）give one’s lift to do sth. 献身于某事 he gave his lift to study 他一辈子献身学问 (7）give off 放 发 散发（烟,光,气,味,热等）the fish bad and gives off a terrible smell (8)give oneself over to sth 贪（酒等）her uncle gives himself over to all kinds of liquors 2) last adv 最后，上一次 last of all 在最后
I haven’t seen you for ages since I saw you last (=last time)
Last n 最终 结局 周末 月底 at long last 好容易才 breathe one’s last 断气 死 From first to last 自始至终 look one’s last 临死的一看 last but one 倒数第二 He thought every moment would be his last 他时时刻刻都以为他要完（死）了 3）show v．show sb． round a place 带领某人参观某地 She showed us round the beautiful school yesterday. 他昨天带领我们参观了那个美丽的学校
Show concern for sb 关心某人 our teacher often shows concern for us Show up 揭穿 显出 the mark shows up only in the strong sunshine. 那斑痕只在强烈的阳光下才显现出来
The deceptions of revisionism have been shown up by its own deeds. 修正注意的欺骗已被它自己的行动所揭露 Make a show of oneself 出丑，出洋相
Show a guest in/out 领客人进来/出去 give the show away露出马脚，泄露内幕 Do a show 去看戏/电影
4）add v. adder n 加法 addition n. additional adj. 附加的，另加的 additionally adv additive adj. 附加的，添加的 n. 添加物/剂 addible adj. 可添加的 additament n 附加物
additive reaction 加成反应 chemical additives 化学添加剂
add up 加起来 合计 Would you please add up these figures 你能把这些数字加起来吗 In addition 此外
a) In addition we have invited the teachers 此外，我们还请了老师
b) In addition to the books I also bought a dictionary 除了那些书，我还买了一本字典 c)It will take an additional two weeks to finish the work 还得花两周才能完成这项工作 5）present v 给 赠送 介绍 引进
n 赠品 赠送 礼物 现在
adj 出席的 在场的 当今的 当面的
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presence n 存在 出席 当面 见面 presentation n
presentable adj 拿的出去的 中看的 有礼貌的 可介绍的
a) he present a book to me(me with a book) yesterday 他昨天送我一本书 b) allow me to present MR Brown to you 请允许我把布朗 介绍给你
c) samples are presented free 样品免费赠送 up to the present 至今 到现在为止 d) new year’s present 年礼
make a present of sth to sb/make sb a present of sth 把某物送给某人
Will you make me a present of your photograph 把你的相片送一张给我好吗？ e)at present 现在 目前 I didn’t need the book at present 我现在还不需要这本书 f)for the present 暂时 暂且 I can’t remember it for the present 我一时记不起来了
g)present to 出现在 A vivid picture is present to his eyes 一幅生动的画面出现在他的眼前 h)The present international situation is excellent 当前国际形势一片大好 i)MR Wang was present at the meeting yesterday 昨天王先生出席了会议 j)We shall be very glad to have your present 你如能出席，我们将感到很高兴
4. Homework
A) read text A by yourself and try to understand the text ,and learn the new words by heart B) do the comprehension exercises on page 39 and 40(A-B)
Part 2 Text A (2 periods)
1 check and correct the exercises an page 39 and 40 2 explain the text sentence by sentence 3 language point
1) be careful in doing sth
We need to be careful (in)preparing the report ,no mistake is allowed. 我们要小心准备报告，不许出错 小心作某事
be careful of sth
He was careful(in)decorating the Christmas tree. 他小心翼翼地装饰圣诞树
be more careful of your spelling in your writing ,there are so many spell mistakes 2)on occasions (=something/occasionally)有时 on one occasion 曾经，有个时候 On occasion 时不常 on several occasions 屡次 好几次 on the occasion of 在…时 A. On occasions she goes to the nursing house to spend a with the elderly. 有时她会去敬老院陪那里的老人过一天
B He usually stays at home on weekends, but on occasions he goes to the cinema. 周末他一般呆在家里，但有时也会去看电影。
3).in order--approriate/organzed 恰当，整齐，按顺序
A. It'll be quite in order for you to leave now.你现在可以走了。
B. She keeps everything in her room in order.她房间里一切都井井有条。 4).once--as soon as 一....就....
Once printed ,the book become bestseller.那边一出版就极为畅销。
5). Only when 只有在（某个特定的）时候 该短语位于句首时，谓语动词要部分倒装
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A .Only when you are asked to, can you go = You can go only when you are asked to.让你走你才能走。
B .Only when one fall ill, does he know the value of health.只有生病了才知道健康的可贵 C .Only in this way can you study well 只有用这种方法才能学好 D .Only he can do it well 只有他才能干好。（因为only后无adv.或adverbial clause 所以没倒装）
6). make certain 确保，确定
A.please make certain that all the lights have been turned off before you leave 离开前请确保所有的灯都关了。
B.I checked the letter twice to make certain that there was no spelling mistakes我把信检查了两遍以确保没有拼写错误。
7).make + O(Pron)+ O.C.(adj./n./pre.p/prep.phr.)
A.Her intelligence &diligence made her quite popular with the staff.她聪明勤奋，员工都很喜欢她。
B.The scary movice make me too frightened to fall asleep看了那部恐怖片我吓得睡不着觉。 C.I had to shout to make myself heard in such a big crowd.人这么多，我不得不大喊才能让让人听到我说话。
D. She was made monitor of our class.她当选了我们班的班长。
E. Mother made me wash my clothes last Sunday 上周日，妈妈让我把我的衣服洗了。
8).to look at 为iufinitive phrase 作定语修饰前面的名词gift.必须注意，这里的介词AT不能省不及物动词的短语（Vi+Prep）不定式作定语修饰前面的名词时，在逻辑上，介词与被修名词为介词+宾语的关系，所以不能省。
A. This is the best flat for an old man to live in 这公寓最适合老人住。 B. I want to find someone to talk to 我想找个人说话。
C. Here is a sheet of paper for you to write on 这里有张纸给你写字。
4. Focus on grammar 数词 (Numeral)
表示“数词”和“顺序”的词叫做数词。数词分两大类：基数词和序数词。表示“多少”的 词叫做基数词。表示“第几”的词叫做序数词。 1).基数词
基数词构成：基数词中1--12是独立单词，13--19的基数词以后缀-teen结尾，20-90 中整+位数词以后缀——ty结尾。比较特殊的数词：tlirteen,fifteen (不是fiveen),forty (不是fourty)其他的讲解见教参书(the teecher's book)on page 63--64
另外 以下几点：
A.以-ty 结尾的基数词构成序数词时先把y边i ，再加-eth, 如：twentieth thirieth fortieth fiftieth
B.分数的表示法，如:1/3 one-third 3/4 three fourths 2 （3/8）two and three eighths
C.小数点的表示法.小数点为point 如：5.3 five point three 8.47 eight point four seven D.百分数的表示法，百分数percent 如：7%通常读作seven percent 96%ninty -six percent 但是，50% 25% 75% 通常读作a half, aquarter,threequarcent E.倍数的表示法，用 times 如：3倍 three times 6 six times 但是2倍为twice a 这个房间比那个房间大3倍。1）This room is four times as big as that one .
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2）This room is four times the size of that one . 3）This room is three times bigger than that one. b 这条河比那条河长两倍 1) This river is three times as long as that one. 2) This river is three times the length of that one. 3) This river is twice longer than that one.
5. Do the exercise on page 44(Translate the following Chinese phrases onto English)& exercises on page 42--43
6. Read the new words in text B 7. Homework
1) Read &try to remember the new words in Text A by heart 2) Read Text B & do exercises on page 46--47
Part 3 Text B （2 periods）
1. Check &correct the exercise on page 46--47.and then explain some new words briefly 2. Explain the text sentence by sentence 3. Explain some useful language points 1).live on one's own 独自生活
A. Being away from their parents, they have to live on their own at boarding school.
父母不在身边他们在寄宿学校起居全靠自己。
B. The old man lived on his own in a small farm despite his children's resistant. 尽管孩子们反对，老人还是一个人生活在一座小农庄里。
2).and she wondered what she could buy her as a present...该句是一个带有以with 引得的宾语从句的主从复合句，从句做动词wondered的宾语、做动词、介词、形容词、的宾语从句举例如下：
A. They said that they could send her the umbrella they had found. B Whether we succeed depends on how well we cooperate. 我们能否成功取决于我们是否能好好合作。
C. The doctors were not sure whether they could save his life. 医生不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。
3) instead of 代替，而不是 （有时可用instead来代替）
A. You should eat more fish instead of meat .你应该多吃鱼，少吃肉。 B. She, instead of you ,has been chosen as chairman of the student's Union. 是她，而不是你当选学生会主席。
C. We'll go to the cinema instead of watching TV at home this evening. We'll not watch TV at home, instead we'll go to the cinema this evening.
4) When she had been searching for half an hour, ... 该句是一个过去完成进行时的句子。过去完成进行时用于表示在过去某段时间一直在进行的动作。 A.I had been working for a while when she arrived.
她来到时，我已经工作了一段时间。
B. She had been learning to play the piano for a long time before starting university.
她上学前一直在学钢琴。 5）come across
A. If you across anything you don’t understand ,go to the teacher . 如果你碰到不懂的问题，去找老师。
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B.I came across a friend at the meeting who I hadn’t seen for years. 会上我碰到一位多年不见的朋友。
6) So having made up her mind.该状语是现在分词的完成式，其动词表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成；而现在分词的一般式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。 A. Having said good-bye to everyone she got into the train and left.(said在got之前已完成) B. Knowing the news all of us burst into tears of excitement.（两动作同时进行） Make up one’s mind 下定决心
A. The boy made up his mind to be one of the richest men in the world. 男孩立刻要成为世界上最富有的人之一。
B. He made up his mind after being fired that he would start a company of his own. 被炒鱿鱼之后他决定要自己开公司。 7) keep……with…… 随身携带某物
A.I don’t keep much money with me .我随身没带很多钱。
B She loves the book so much that she keeps it with her at all times. 她非常喜欢那本书，以至随时都带着。 8) Until…与延续性动词搭配
She kept herself awake until her at all times.她一直都没睡到她丈夫回来。 Not... until...与短暂性动词搭配
She didn’t go to sleep until her came back.她直到她丈夫回来才去睡觉。 9) burst into
突然（情绪）冲动，爆发 后+tears/flames/laughter/blossom/the room分别为哇的一声哭起来\\突然烧起来\\突然大声笑起来\\突然开花\\突然闯进房间,
A .At these words shi bust into tears. 听了这些话她突然大哭了起来 B. the dining hall burst into tears.食堂突然起火了
burst out doing sth 突然(笑.哭.唱(laughing/crying/singing ...) burst through 冲破,拨开
The sun burst through the clouds .shone over the earth. 太阳冲破乌云,阳光普照大地. burst with laughing /anger 捧腹大笑.勃然大怒 burst ones sides with laughing 笑破肚皮 10) by mistake错误地
Being absent-minded, she put sugar into the dish by mistake. 她心不在焉错把糖放进菜里. 11) on purpose 有意地,故意地,特地
I am sorry if I hurt you, but I didn't do it on purpose. 如果我伤害了你,我跟你对不起但我不是有意的 12) hear from 接到某人的来信
I haven't heard from my friend for a long time; I wonder if sth has happened to him. 我很长时间都没有受到朋友的来信了
4. Do Ex's on page48,49 or do the exercises one by one orally, then the teacher correct it if necessary. 5. Homework
1).Review the whole unit
2).Do the exercise on page 49in your exercise book 3).Try your best to do practical writing by yourself.
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Unit 4 Movies
Objectives:
1. Enlarge students vocabulary 2. Improve students’ reading ability
3. Improve students’ ability of pronunciation 4. Make students know more English grammar
5. Review some old Knowledge of grammar and words Focuses
1. Master the useful words and expressions.
2. Students’ ability to hold the main meaning of an article. 3. Grammar points
4. Improve students’ writing ability Outline:
1. Warm-up discussion; study of words and expressions
2. Text A; discussion of text A and the follow-up exercises (A and B) 3. Exercises D; Text A exercises C; grammar tips. 4. Discussion of text B and the follow-up exercises 5. Translation exercises; practical writing.
Procedures:
Text A. Walt Disney and his Disney world I. Background information
Walt Disney (1901-1966), American cartoon artist and producer of animated films. He left school at 16 and studied briefly at art schools. In 1923 he began to produce animated motion pictures in Hollywood. His main works include Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, and Pinocchio.
II. Vocabulary
1. found /faund/ vt. 建立，创办
e.g. He intended to found a school in his hometown. 2. character n. 人物，角色，性格
e.g Which character do you like best in the novel? He has a strong but gentle character.
3. dwarf n. (pl. dwarves /dwarfs/) 矮子，矮人 4. amusement n. 娱乐，消遣
e.g. I will find some amusement during my weekend. amuse v. 使愉快
e.g. His story is amusing.
amused adj.愉快的 amusing adj. 有趣的
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e.g. The story is amusing. I was amused at his story.
5. laughter n. 笑，笑声 phs. burst into laughter 笑 e.g. Laughter is good for our health. 6. alike adj. 同样的，相似的
e.g. The two books are alike in content. Antonym: different 7. favorite adj.
e.g. Pizza is my favorite food. 8. create vt. 创造
e.g. Genesis in the Bible tell how God creates the world. creation n. 创造物
e.g. The world is God’s creation. creator n. 创作者
creative adj. 有创造能力的 9. complete vt.
10. phs: have fun. 玩的开心，享乐； bring…. to an end 使终结； in real life 在现实生活中
e.g. The boy played with the cat to have fun.
The hardship in life didn’t bring his dreams to an end. He is a hero on the screen, and also in real life.
III. Language points
1 One of these little mice became his particular friend and gave him the idea for the famous cartoon character Mickey Mouse, a clean mouse in a clean world: One of these little mice became his special friend and made him think of creating the famous cartoon character Mickey Mouse, who s a lively mouse in a pure and lovely world.. give sb. the idea for sth.: 给某人想法
a clean mouse in a clean world; this is appositive to Mickey Mouse for a further statement and explanation
2 When sound was starting tope used in movies, Disney immediately made his Mickey Mouse talk on the movie screen: Sound was not used in movies until 1926 and Walt Disney was among the first group of filmmakers to use the4 sound technology in his movies. start to do /doing sth.: 开始做某事 make sb. do sth.: 让某人做某事
Synonym: let sb. do sth./have sb. do sth./get sb. to do sht./ ask sb. to do sth.
3 Mickey…has since won the hearts of millions: Since then Mickey has been loved by millions of people/
4 One of Disney’s favorite dreams was to create a new kind of amusement park--- a place where parents and children could all go and have fun together.
to create a new kind of amusement park: this is an infinitive structure used as the predicative. More examples:
1) The next step is to know what you should do.
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2) You are not to speak loudly in the reading room.
IV. Focus on Grammar 一 形容词的用法
1.作前置或后置定语。
1）由前缀a-构成的形容词作定语要求后置，如afraid, awake, asleep, alive alone, e.g. The man was the only one awake at that time.
2)由no, some, any every 等构成的复合不定代词的形容词后置。如 something important/noting wrong
2.作表语（用于系动词 ）后， I) feel sick.
2)It is possible that he will come. 3.作补语
1) The man was knocked senseless. 2)He died young.
3) The news made him very sad. 4.作状语
1)Large or small, all countries are equal. 2a0Breathless, she rushed into the classroom
3)She tiptoed to the bed, careful not to wake her mother. 5.作主语或宾语。
1) Rich and poor meant the same to her. 2)The young shouls respect the old.
二 形容词与副词的比较等级
1． 形容词与副词的比较级与最高级构成规则详见学生用书
2． 表示“完全，特别，极限，处所，方位，时间，状态，性质，材料，国籍，独一无二”等意义的形容词与副词没有比较级与最高级。如：absolute(ly), complete(ly), here ,now there deaf, dead naked ,economic, wooden ,only unique, barely, junior, superior ,etc.
Text B Christopher Reeve
-------超人的扮演者，克里斯托夫. 里夫 I. Vocabulary
1.graduate (from). v. 毕业 &毕业生 graduation. n 毕业 2. role n. 角色，
e.g. He played the role of the old king in the play. Education plays an important role in one’s career. 3 sequel /si:kwl/ n. 续集
e.g. The sequel to the movie is a great success to. 4. similar adj. 相似的 similarity 。
e.g. 1) Those who have similar interests are more likely t become friends. 2) My opinion is similar to yours.
3) Different cultures have similarities in some respects.
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Antonym: different / dissimilar 5. physical adj. 身体的
phs. physical examination 身体检查; physical fitness 身体健康 6. foundation n.基金， 基金会；建立，创办；基础，根据
e.g. 1) The old man stated in his will that he would like to donate all his money to the foundation. 2) The foundation of the company started in the early 1920s. 3) He laid the foundation of his success by hard work.
foundational adj. 基本的，基础的 ~ knowledge 基础知识 7. medical adj. 医学的
e.g. free medical care 公费医疗 a medical examination 医学检查 medicinal adj. 医用的
e.g. medicinal alcohol 医用酒精 medicinal herbs 药草 8. suffer v. 经历不幸，遭受痛苦等
e.g. the army suffered heavy losses in the battle. When is cat died he suffered a lot.
phrase: suffer for , 为……受苦 suffer from 患 ……病， 受……苦 e.g. 1) Sooner or later people suffer for their wrongdoings. 2) She suffers from stomachache. 9. Phrases:
at the age of work as right in time take part in throw off with the help of give up
II. Language points
1. After graduating from Cornell University, he went on with his dream of becoming an actor and appeared in many screen and television roles: After he graduated from Cornell University, he still wanted to realize his dream of becoming an actor and acted in many movies and television plays.
go on with sth.: continue without stopping or changing e.g. We are waiting for you to go on with the story. 2. Till the end of his life, he…
Till can be used both as a preposition and as a conjunction. e.g 1) I will keep the book for you till next Friday. 2) She didn’t leave till the train had pulled out.
3. And to many more, he will be considered a hero in real life forever. Here the language point is the structure “consider object+ n./ adj.” e.g. He considers himself the most popular person in the class.
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Unit 5 Our Earth
Objectives:
1. Enlarge students vocabulary 2. Improve students’ reading ability
3. Make students know something about scientific essays and writing styles 4. Improve students’ ability of pronunciation 5. Make students know more English grammar
6. Review some old Knowledge of grammar and words 7. Learn how to write an exposition article Focuses:
1. How to use new words .
2. Students’ ability to hold the main meaning of an article. 3. Grammar points
4. Improve students’ ability of pronunciation Outline:
1. Warm-up discussion; study of words and expressions
2. Text A; discussion of text A and the follow-up exercises (A and B) 3. Exercises D; Text A exercises C; grammar tips. 4. Discussion of text B and the follow-up exercises 5. Translation exercises; practical writing.
Procedures
First periods (1-2)
1、Teacher says something about Tent A, the earth . 2、Read new words in Text A.
3、Teacher explains the new words
4、Teacher Leads students memory new words 5、Students scan Tent A
6、Students do exercises A and B of Text A 7、Teacher explains Text A Second periods (3-4)
1、Read aloud new words in Text B 2、Teacher explains the new words
3、Teacher Leads students memory the new words 4、Students scan Text B
5、Students do exercises A and B of Text B 6、Teacher explains Text B Third periods (5-6) 1、Study Active words
2、Review Grammar Tips–preposition
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3、Do exercises: Vocabulary Check A、B、C. 4、Do exercises: Practice to Grammar
5、Do exercises: Comprehensive Exercises A、B、C、D 6、Study Practical writing: slogan 7、Assign Homework Fourth periods (7-8)
1、Listen to records: Text A and Text B. 2、Practice Listening
3、Have a discussion about the earth
Part 1 Teaching details to Text A 1、Something about our earth
①The earth is the only planet for us earth-men to live now.
②The earth is one of nine planets in sun family. They are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto in the order of their closeness to the sun.
③On the sun surface of the Earth, there are 7 continents as Asia, Antarctica, South America, North America, Africa, Europe, Oceania and five oceans as the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Artic Ocean, the Antarctic Ocean.
④For many reasons, our earth is getting warmer and warmer, especially recently.
2、Vocabulary in Text A ①build v. building n.
Our teaching building is so high.
builder n.—A person who builds building. ②sail v.
We sailed across the Atlantic in 5 days. Sailor n.—A person who sails. e.g. act-actor , inventor ③Pilot v./n.
She can pilot a plane.
He wants to be a pilot in future. ④include v.
The price of the book includes postage.
He included many funny stories in his speech. Synonym: contain Antonym: include ⑤farmland
e.g. superman hometown ⑥outline n./v.
He drew the outline of a house on the paper.
Teacher Li asked the students to outline his speech. ⑦view n.
The house provides a good view of the sea. Tell us your view on this matter.
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⑧true adj.
It’s true that the man is my English teacher. Truly adv.
He is truly a good boy. Synonym: really ⑨surround vt.
The city is surrounded by a mountain range. A crowd of fans surrounded the star singer. Surrounding n. Social surrounding. ⑩living n./adj.
He made a living as a taxi driver.
The living standards of Chinese people have improved greatly. living & alive, both adj. He is a living man, adj.+n.
He is still alive. be+adj. 做表语 11○firstly adv.
first adv, adj, n.
Firstly let’s read the new words. Spring is the first season of the year. She is the first arrive. 12○warm adj. v.
They gave her a warm welcome. She lit a fire to warm herself. Warmth n.
They sat close to the fire for warmth. 13○Layer n.
There is a layer of dust on the table. 14○form v. n.
A plan began to form in his mind. Please fill in the registration form. Synonym: shape 15○Liquid adj. Synonym: fluid Antonym: solid 16○metal n.
A metal ring, metal-free adj. 17○Spin span /spun, spun v.
The wheels are spinning at a high speed. The machine spins the wool into thread. 18○move n.
We plan to move to the new house next week. I was moved to tears by his heroic deeds. movement n.
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The May 4th movement was a great event in Chinese history. 19○measure v. n.
My mother measured me to see the size for my clothes.
The new law was in some measure only in the interests of certain people. 20○long adj, length n.
The street is100 meters in length.
At length we arrived at our destination. 21○important adj.
Importance n.
This is a matter of great importance. 22○Protect vt.
Sunglasses protect our eyes from sunshine. Protection n. Protective adj. 23○as far as
As far as I know
I will help you as far as I can. 24○cover v n.
The land was covered with snow The cover girl is very lovely. 25○center n.
Don’t stand at the center of the road. 26○call one’s attention to
The teacher called the students’ attention to the blackboard.
3、Points in Text A
1The earth is a huge ball covered with water, rock and soil, and surrounded by air. ○
Covered …… surrounded by air.
Two–ed participial phrases were used as the postponed attributive, indicate passive sense. Vs-ing phrases also can be used as postpone attributive, but indicate active sense. e.g. The man following Teacher Ma into the office is my father.
=The man who/that followed Teacher Ma into the office is my father. The teacher followed by the man into the office is Teacher Ma.
=The teacher who/that was followed by the man into the office is Teacher Ma. 2To call people’s attention to…… ,has been named as Earth Day since 1970 ○
To call people’s attention used As subject. Name……as/for v.
The boy named his pet mouse (as) Mickey.
She was named as the general manager of the company.
Part 2. Teaching details to Text B 1. Vocabulary: 1mood n. ○
a cheerful mood
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be in a bad mood be in no mood for sth. be in no mood to sth.
I am in the mood to go shopping. 2 express v. ○
expression n. expressive adj.
They greeted him with a welcome expression. an expressive smile 3continue v. ○
They continued their discussion. Synonym go on
Continued adj. 不断的 continuous adj. 持续的 continual adj. 频繁的 Continuity n 连贯性 continuation n 继续、持续 The habit continued into adult life. 4environment n. ○
It is urgent to prevent the pollution of the environment. environmental adj. environmental protection 5rid v./n. ○
Mother bought a rat catcher to rid the house of rats.
You’d better get rid of the bad habit of eating no breakfast. 6industry n. ○
The textile industry.
industrial adj. industrial development. 7waste n. adj ○
Please put the waste paper into the bin. Don’t argue with him. It is a waste of time. wasteful adj.
The bad habit is wasteful of resource. 8pollute vt. ○
The water from the dye factory polluted the river. Pollution n. air pollution, water pollution
Pollutant n.污染物 adj.污染的 polluter.污染者 9tide n. ○
Time and tide wait for no man.
go against the tide swim against the tide go with the tide swim with the tide 10○shore n.
On shore ashore adv
The boat was driven ashore by the heavy wind. 11○pity n.
I feel great pity for the orphans.
It’s a pity that you didn’t join us at the party.
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Pitiful adj. 令人同情的、可怜的 pitiless adj. 无情的、没有怜悯心的 12○breath n.
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 catch one’s breath 歇一口气 take one’s breath away 大为惊讶 breathe v.
We like to breathe fresh air. 13○quit v.
The teacher warned them to quit talking. 14○differ vi
The twins differ a lot in character difference n.
I can not see any difference between the real painting and the fake one. different adj. 15○pause vi. n
The teacher paused from time to time to make sure the students could keep up. The coach signaled for a pause in the middle of the match. synonym stop 16○stop …from doing
It’s time for us to do something to stop the environment from getting worse 17○. wash up
The sea washed the boat up to the shore. 18○. one by one
“Answer my questions one by one,” the teacher said. 19○. had better do sth.
You’d better hurry up
You’d better not tell him the truth. 20○. add up to
The plane ticket plus hotel accommodation added up to 1000 Yuan.
2、Points in Text B
①. She told us how many companies about how to get rid of……. how many companies …… Here is an object clause of told. about how to get rid of……
It’s a wh-word+infinitive structure used as the object of the preposition about =how they should get rid of……
②The man …and thought it was a pity that all the starfish would die …….
“it was a pity that _____”is an object clause of “thought ”with the introductory word “that”omitted “that all the starfish would die ……”is a subject clause. “it” used as the formal subject. e.g : it +be+adj+clause
it is great that we can go together it+be+n+clause
It was a pity that all the starfish would die on the beach
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it+v+ed+clause
It has not been decided where we shall go on vacation It+vi. (seem/happen/appear)+clause It seems that it is going to rain
③Tyler smiled all the way home ,thinking of the difference they would make to…
“thinking of …”is a –ing participial phrase to denote an accompanying circumstance “they would make to …”is a relative clause to modify “the difference ”,with the relative pronoun “that / who”omitted.
Part 3、Points to Active words 1. lie 谎言vi ,vt lied ,lied, lying lie 躺下vi lay lain lying lay放、搁、摆、（平） laid laid
synonym :play set put down 2. use v、n use up用完
make use of ……利用 Note :
usde to do ……过去常做
get used to+n 养成习惯做（动态） be used to+n/ving 习惯做……（静态）
Part 4、Points to Grammar
1、 Preposition for time ① at six, at dinner
in the morning, in two weeks
on Monday ,on the morning of May 1st
② A new film will be put on in I weeks =after(将来式)
She had two car accidents in one week 在……内（过去式） ③ before, after某个时间点前or后，behind迟于、落后于
④ The city has changed greatly since 1990与完成时连用，从某一时间 延续到现在or过去 I stayed in the countryside for two years在一段时间，stay的延续性
He has been away from home for 10 years用于完成时，要求延续性动词做谓语 2、 Preposition for place
① at the bus stop (small place) in Chengdu /the city (big place) ② I put the book on the desk book和desk 相接触
His office is over mine (正上方)
The plane is flying above our head(在上面的空中) ③ She was standing under/beneath the tree(垂直关系)
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There is a note underneath/beneath the book (上下接触) They live below/beneath us (垂直) ④ in（静止状态） into 进入里面，示动态 ⑤ along 沿着
across 穿过物体表面 through穿过物体里面
⑥ up 由下而少年宫，从乡下到城市，从南方到此方 down反之
表示静止空间位置不表示具体方向，up=down We walked up /down the road沿着
3、 Preposition for cause or reason
①He trembled for/with fear内在心理原因
②The accident was due to his carelessness 多做表语
Thanks to your help ,I can finish my work on time 幸亏，只做状语 We delayed our trip due to/because of /on account of the bad weather
4、 Preposition for methods
by=by means of 凭、以, with示使用的工具or 手段 Besides Chinese, math, we also study history and English except 除去、不包括
All the students passed the exam except Many 后接内容与主语是同类。 The room did not need repairing except for the broken door
后接内容与主语不同类，往往是主语整体的一个细节，方面but基本用法与except相同 No one attended the meeting but John
They had no choice but to wait 不定式做宾语
We could do nothing but wait 如谓语动词是do ，but后接的不定式不带to
Part 5 Homework
Students write a short article (100-150words) named :Our Class, Our Classroom Our Bedroom ,Our College, Our Hometown ,Our Homeland My Middle School (Anyone as they like to choose )
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Unit 6 Part-time Jobs
Objectives:
1. See how a college student got a part-time job; 2. Enlarge your vocabulary of part-time jobs;
3. Learn about the special summer jobs for American students; 4. Study the present indefinite tense;
5. Write an e-mail to describe a summer job. Focuses:
1. Learn about the special summer jobs for American students; 2. Write an e-mail to describe a summer job. Outline:
1. Background Information; study of words and expressions in Text A; Vocabulary Check (B
and C)
2. Discussion of Text A and the follow-up exercises (A and B) 3. Active Words and Vocabulary Check; Grammar Tips 4. Discussion of Text B and the follow-up exercises
5. Comprehensive Exercises (Ask the students to do the translation exercises outside of the
class beforehand) 6. Practical Writing
Procedures:
Classroom Activities
I. Background Information
Part-time jobs are quite popular among college students. According to a survey conducted by the Chinese Young Survey Center in 2005, 33.9% college students took part-time jobs on campus such as librarian assistants, dinning hall cleaners, etc., while the percentage of part-time-job-takers outside campus reached 59.2%, with tutor, deliverer, market researcher, receptionist, typist, promotion seller at the top of the job list.
The reasons for college students to take part-time jobs vary from person to person. Some take part-time jobs because they want to be financially independent; some hope to enrich their work experience so as to prepare themselves for the future job while some others don’t have a good reason but just need to do something to keep busy. Anyway part-time jobs seem to have become part of college life.
II. Vocabulary in Text A 1. burden n. 负担
e.g. He alone had to carry the heavy burden of supporting a family of five. The burden of hosting the evening party fell upon me alone. vt. 使负重担，使麻烦
e.g. The farmers in this country are burdened with heavy taxation.
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It is not fair to burden you with this difficult task alone. 2. wander v. 漫步，徘徊
e.g. I saw a boy wandering about; he might lost his money. They wandered in the woods at the back of the house. wandering adj. 漫游的，徘徊的 n. 漫游
e.g. a wandering tribe; the wanderings through the desert. 3. candidate n. 候选人，应征者
e.g. He is one of the presidential candidates. Many candidates applied for the position. 4. employ vt. 雇用，使用
e.g. The firm employs the handicapped (残疾人). Phrase: be employed in doing sth. 忙于做某事
e.g. The children are employed in unwrapping their Christmas presents. employer n. 雇主
e.g. My employer is a kind man. employee n. 雇员，雇工
e.g. There are 100 employees in his firm. employment n. 雇用，就业
e.g. The graduates are faced with a serious employment situation this year. 5. check v.检查，核对
e.g. Please check the exam paper to make sure you have answered all the questions. Phrase: check in （旅馆、飞机等）登记；报到
e.g. Passengers must check in at the airport an hour before the plane leaves. check out 结账离开
e.g. He checked out of the hotel one hour before I arrived. check over 查看，检查
e.g. The teacher checked over the students’ papers. 6. reference n. 介绍信，参考
e.g. The teacher gave me a list of reference books. Phrase: make reference(s) to 提到，提及
e.g. The news made reference to the explosion last night. in/ with reference to 关于
e.g. With/ In reference to your offer, I am sorry to tell you we cannot accept it. 7. habit n. 习惯
e.g. It is a bad habit to eat chocolate before going to bed. Phrase: fall into / get into the habit of 养成（染上）某习惯
e.g. He falls into /gets into the bad habit of finding excuses for his mistakes. get out of the habit of 改掉……的坏习惯
e.g. You should get out of the habit of lying; otherwise no one will like you. out of / from habit 出于习惯
e.g. Some people smoke for the pleasure, but others smoke just out of / from habit. habitual adj. 习惯的，惯常的
e.g. a habitual practice习惯做法； a habitual gesture 习惯性手势 8. hunt v. & n. 搜索；打猎
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e.g. I hunted high and low for my watch, but it was nowhere to be found. The hunt for the criminal continued throughout the country. hunter n. 猎人
hunting n. 找寻，搜寻
job-hunting 找工作； house-hunting 找房子 9. lower v. 降低，放低
e.g. Please lower your voice so as not to disturb the others. I wouldn’t lower myself to speak to such a rude person. 10. be in need of 需要
e.g. This school is in need of more teachers.
The doctor says I an too tired and in need of a good rest. 11. turn away 转身走开
e.g. She turned away when I extended my hand to shake hers. 12. like mad 疯狂地，拼命地
e.g. She ran like mad to catch the moving bus. 13. think to oneself 心中暗想
e.g. How lucky I would be if I were her, I thought to myself.
III. Language Points in Text A
1. Asking my parents for help is not a good idea. The subject of the sentence is an –ing participial phrase. e.g. Saying is much easier than doing.
Liu Xiang’s winning the race in the Olympic Games excited the whole country.
When an –ing participle is used as the subject, we also can use “it” as the formal subject while putting the real subject at the back. For examples: e.g. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is a waste of time arguing with them.
Note: Both –ing participle and the infinitive structure can be used as the subject, and the difference between them is the former stresses a general situation while the latter always refers to a specific event or action.
e.g. Reading novels is my hobby.
To read this novel is my assignment.
2. Having been refused many times, I finally wandered into a restaurant at 8 p.m.
This sentence contains an –ing participial phrase too, but it is used as the adverbial denoting time, which can be changed into an adverbial clause.
3. But remember whoever is going to be employed must be prepared to work here from 6:00 to 8:00 every evening.
This sentence contains an object clause introduced by the relative pronoun “whoever”, which means “any one who…”. The similar relative pronouns also include “whatever, whichever”, and they can be used to introduce the nominal clause including subject clause, object clause, etc. e.g. Do whatever you are asked to do.
The winner is whichever runs to the end first.
4. That was an ideal time for me though it would take away some of my free time. Take away: 拿走，夺走；使消失，消除（病痛等）；减去
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e.g. The flood took away thousands of lives.’
The holidays should be taken away when you are counting your working days. 5. I should have kept myself clean.
The structure “should / ought to have done sth.” expresses an unfulfilled obligation in the past.(本应该……)
e.g. I am sorry you caught a cold, but you should / ought to have put on more clothes. Similar, we have the following structures:
may / might have done sth.: to express speculation about a past action or regret for the unfulfillment of a past action. 可能……；本可以……
can / could have done sth.: to express regret at a past action or indicate a possible action in the past 本可以……；可能……
must have done sth.: to express strong probability about a past action. 肯定…… needn’t have done sth.: to express an unnecessary action. 本没必要…… e.g. She hasn’t arrived. She may / might have forgotten the appointment. You can / could have got up a few minutes earlier.
Your dance is wonderful; you must have practiced a lot.
We needn’t have told him the news because he knew it already. 6. But after a tiring day hunting for a job, I did look terrible. Here “did” is an auxiliary verb used for emphasis. e.g. I did write to you last week. She did like you.
7. I promise I will work very hard, sir, if only you could give me this chance.
if only: It can be used to introduce adverbial clause of condition, which means “要是……就好了；但愿”. In the clause subjunctive mood is always required. e.g. If only she were here.
If only he would sing us a song at the party.
Please compare “only if” and “if only”. Both are for the adverbial clause of condition, but “only if” requires no subjunctive mood and its meaning is “只要”. e.g. I will feel happy only if you are sound and healthy.
IV. Focus on Grammar
一般现在时(The Present Indefinite Tense) 一、一般现在时的构成：
一般现在时主要由动词原形表示，如主语为第三人称单数，动词形式有变化。基本变化规则是：一般情况下加-s, 以辅音加-y 结尾的词把y改为i, 再加-es, 以o, s, x, ch, sh 结尾的词加-es。如：dance—dances, read—reads, cry—cries, study—studies, do—does, go—goes, miss—misses, coax—coaxes, brush—brushes, touch—touches。但have的第三人称单数形式是has, be动词的第一人称单数、第二人称单数、第三人称单数和复数形式分别为am, are, is, are。 二、一般现在时的主要用法： 1. 表示习惯的、反复发生的动作，常与often, always, sometimes, usually, every等词连用。如： 1) Birds fly south every winter.
2) They always take a walk after supper. 3) She visits her grandma twice a week. 2. 表示普遍真理、客观事实等。如：
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1) The earth moves around the sun. 2) Japan lies to the east of China. 3) Practice makes perfect.
3. 表示现在的状态或特征。如： 1) She likes music.
2) My sister is a teacher.
3) Your plan sounds practical.
4. 在由when, if, after, although, as, as soon as, whether, because, even if, though, until, unless, so long as等引导的表示时间、条件、让步等的状语从句中，用一般现在时态表示将来时态。如：
1) I will tell you as soon as I get the news. 2) You will not fail if you do your best.
3) I shall stay here until she comes to see me.
V. Vocabulary & Language Points in Text B 1. charge n. 掌管，负责
e.g. She is in charge of the sales department.
She took charge of the family business after her father died. 2. rescue n. & vt. 援救，营救
e.g. The rescue team arrived at the spot soon after the accident happened. The police finally rescued the kidnapped boy. Phrase: come to one’s rescue 进行援救
e.g. The people in the neighborhood all come to their rescue and put out the fire. 3. work as 担任某工作，从事某工作
e.g. She works as an accountant in the school. 4. when necessary 在必要时
e.g. You can turn to him for help when necessary. You can go, I will call you when necessary.
5. Summer jobs are quire popular among students in American colleges. be popular among / with sb.: 在……流行、普遍、受欢迎 e.g. Harry Porter is popular among / with young people. Her dressing style is popular among girls of her age.
6. Long before the end of the school year, students began their hunt for a job during the summer vacation: The students began to look for a summer job long before the school year ends. 7. ...he and his five-man team walk around the mountains to see if anything unusual is happening.
his five-man team: his team made of five men
Please note in the structure the noun is in its singular form and there is a hyphen the number and the noun. More examples: A four-week holiday A three-year-old child
A six-thousand-word article
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VI. Focus on Practical Writing
在当前的信息时代电子邮件因其快捷、方便、经济的特点正日益取代传统的书信成为人们联络与交流的重要工具，它的格式相较普通信函更为简单，主要包括：收信人的电子邮箱地址、信件主题、称谓、正文、结束语和署名。如需发送较长的文本、声音文件等也可以通过添加附件进行。因为发信日期和发信人的邮箱地址将自动显现在收信人的邮箱里，所以不必在信中另外写明。
写电子邮件时对格式要求不高，如正文可以直接跟在称谓后面不需要换行，结束语和署名也可以连在一起，但如果电子邮件属公务性质，仍需注意格式方面的规范性（可参考普通信函的格式要求）。
写电子邮件时还需注意内容表达要清楚，不能含糊不清；措辞也应根据不同对象而变化，如正式的电子邮件措辞应比较书面化一点，而熟人、朋友之间的电子邮件往来可以随便一点。 Two sample writings for the writing task in this unit: (in page132, textbook)
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