Objective
1. read a story about how men and women think differently; 2. Learn some pairs of words showing gender differences; 3. Get some idea of how men differ from women when shopping; 4. Get some tips about the predictive clause in English; 5. Learn how to respond to invitation cards or letters; Focuses
1. Vocabulary in words and expressions of Text A and Text B. 2. Comprehension of Text A and Text B. 3. Grammar (The Relative Clause)
4. Practical Writings: How to write an invitation letter Outline:
1. Background Information; study of words and expressions in Text A; Vocabulary Check (Band C)
2. Discussion of Text A and the follow-up exercises (A and B) 3. Active Words and Vocabulary Check; Grammar Tips 4. Discussion of Text B and the follow-up exercises
5. Comprehensive Exercises (Ask the students to do the translation exercises outside of the class beforehand) 6. Practical Writing Procedures:
Classroom Activities I. Warm-up Discussion
Question: In what ways do men and women differ?
Hint:Men differ women in numerous aspects, for instance(1)communication; (2)thinking; (3)shopping habit. Gender Differences thinking communication
Men
Form an opinion on facts
Tend to be direct, straightforward, focusing on one topic for a long period of time
Shopping habit
Go shopping when they need sth, and decide on it immediately with little bargaining
II. Vocabulary in Text A 1. thought n.念头，想法；思想
e.g. After much thought he decided not to buy the car. 考虑再三后，他决定不买那辆车。think v. 想，思考；认为
thoughtful adj 深思的；思考的；体贴的；关切的
Women
Form an opinion based on personal emotion
Tend to be indirect, jumping quickly from one topic to another
Go shopping when they want to and in most cases buy nothing
thoughtless adj. 考虑不周的；粗心大意的；不顾及他人的2. occur vi. 被想起，被想到；发生；出现e.g: (1)An idea occurred to me. 我有主意了。
(2)The disease occurs most frequently in rural areas. 这种疾病多见于农村地区。Occurrence n. 发生；出现；发生的事情
e.g. The occurrence of this word is frequent. 这个词出现的频率很高。3.exactly adv.准确地，确切地；恰恰，正好
e.g. That?s exactly what I expected. 那正是我所期望的。exact adj. 正确的；准确的；精确地
e.g. He?s a very exact sholar. 他是一个一丝不苟的学者。4. brother vt. 烦扰，打扰
e.g. I?m sorry to bother you, but could you tell me the way to the station? 对不起打扰一下，请问去车站怎么走？
Phrase:bother one?s head about 为……焦虑或操心5. relationship 6. obligation
n （感情上或肉体上的）关系；关联，关系
n. (人或事物与他者的
)联系，关联，关系
n法律或道义上的义务、责任
Synonym: relation
Phrase: under the obligation to do. 有义务做某事
e.g. Adult children are under the obligation to provide for their parents. 成年子女有义务赡养老人。Oblige
vt. 约束，迫使，束缚
adj. 强制性的
Obligatory
e.g.(1) The police obliged him to leave. 警察强迫他离开。
(2) Atttendance at tonight?s meeting is obligatory. 今天晚上的会议不得缺席。7. head vi. 朝特定方向前进
e.g. He head straight for the restaurant. 他径直朝餐馆走去。8. marriage n. 婚姻关系，婚姻生活
e.g. Eventually he proposed marriage to his beloved. 最终他向他的心上人求婚。Marry
vi&vt. 结婚
e.g. (1)She married last year. 她去年结婚了。
(2)I am going to marry John. 我要嫁给约翰了。Married
adj. 结婚的；已婚的
Phrase: be (get) married to 与某人结婚9. dealer n. 经营者，商人，商贩e.g. furniture dealer 家具店deal n. 买卖，交易
e.g. They finally closed the deal. 他们最终达成了交易。10. meter n. 仪表（此处指显示油量的表）
An electricity meter 电表A water meter 水表A gas meter 煤气表11. oil n. 机油
Crude oil 原油
Phrase: burn the midnight oil 挑灯夜战；开夜车
12. overdue adj. 逾期的，过期的
e.g. The train is overdue. 火车晚点了。Antonym: due adj. 到期的，应付的
e.g. The assignment is due next Monday. 作业应于下周一交。13.blame vt 归罪于，归咎于；责备，责怪
n. （事故、过失等的）责任；责备
她将婚姻的失败归咎于他。
e.g. (1)She blamed him for the failure of their marriage. Phrase: lay the blame (for sth) on sb. 把某事归咎于某人14. guilty
adj 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
他遭受到良心的巨大谴责。
e.g. (1)He was found guilty of negligence. 他被判犯有玩忽职守罪。
(2)He suffered terribly from a guilty conscience. Antonym: guiltless
adj 无辜的，无罪的
Guilt n. 内疚，负罪感；罪，犯罪e.g. His face showed guilt. 他面露歉意。15. train n. （一）连串，（一）系列；火车，列出
v. 培养；训练
他的电话打断了我的思路。
e.g.(1) His telephone call interrupted my train of thought.
(2) The top star was followed by a train of admires. 那位流行乐明星身后跟着一大群歌迷。
16.warranty 17.idealistic
n. （有关商品质量的）保修单，保用单，保证书；承诺，担保adj 理想化的，天真的
adj. 理想的，完美的
e.g. The machine is still under warranty. 这台机器仍在保修期内。ideal n. 理想
(2)Which driver was to blame for the accident? 这次事故是哪个司机的责任？
e.g.(1)He finds it hard to live up to his ideals. 他认为很难达到自己的理想。
(2)This dictionary is ideal---it?s exactly what I needed. 这本字典太完美了，正是我所需要的。
idealism n. 理想主义（尤指不切实际的追求或信奉的理想）idealist n. 理想主义者；空想家；唯心论者18. knight
n. 骑士
n. 爵士或骑士的称号和身份
knighthood
19. pain n. 痛苦；疼痛
e.g.His harse words caused her much pain. 他尖刻的言语刺痛了她。Painful adj. 使痛苦的；疼痛的
e.g. His wound was very painful. 他的伤痛得要命。20.self-centered adj. 自我为中心的
e.g. self-centered attitude 以自我为中心的态度21.fantasy n. 幻想，白日梦
e.g. Stop looking for a perfect job---it?s just a fantasy. 不要再去找完美的工作——这完全是个幻想。Fantastic adj. 奇异的，幻想的；妙极的
e.g. We had a fantastic trip to Europe. 我们曾经有过一次美妙的欧洲之旅。22.fool
n. 傻瓜，笨蛋
vt. 愚弄，欺骗
Phrase: make a fool of oneself/sb 使自己/某人出丑e.g.Stop trying to fool me. I know you hid my lost key. 别想骗我了，我知道你把我丢失的钥匙藏了起来。
Foolish adj. 愚蠢的，笨的
n. 凝视，端详
e.g. I made a foolish decision. 我做了一个愚蠢的决定。23.gaze vi. 专注地看，凝视
e.g.She gazed at me in disbelief when I told her the news. 我告诉她这一消息时她以怀疑的目光注视着我。24.trust n. 信任，信赖
vt. 信任，相信，信赖
我充分相信你的能力。
我突然想起还有很多事情要做。
e.g.(1)A happy marriage is based on mutual trust. 美满的婚姻建立在相互信任的基础上。
(2)I fully trust your ability.
25.occur to （突然）想到
e.g.It occurred to me that there is still lots of work to do. 26. push sb into --- 是某人处于某种状态
e.g. Long-time unemployment pushed him into absolute poverty. 长期失业使他陷入极度贫困。27. head toward / for 朝……前进
e.g. We?re heading toward the goal we set. 我们正朝既定目标前进。28. lost in thought 陷入沉思
e.g. She was lost in thought and didn?t notice me come in. 她在沉思中，未发现我进门。29. think of 想到……
e.g. I did think of resigning, but I decided not to. 30. find out （经研究或询问）获知（某事物）
e.g. Can you find out what time the train leaves? 你能查出火车什么时候开吗？31. had better not do sth 最好不要做某事
e.g. You?d better not lie to me. 你最好不要对我撒谎。32. blame ---on—将某事归咎于
e.g. He blamed the mistakes he made on his carelessness. 他将自己所犯的错误归咎于粗心。33. train of thought 思路，思绪
e.g. He lost his train of thought when the doorbell rang. 34. in pain 处于痛苦状态
e.g. He?s been in pain since he learned the shocking news. 自从听到这一噩耗，他一直异常悲痛。35. gaze deeply into one?s eyes 凝视某人的眼睛
e.g. He enjoys gazing deeply into her eyes, speechless. 他喜欢一言不发凝视她的双眸。36. form an opinion 形成观点
e.g. He forms his own opinion on the basis of facts. 他的观点以事实为依据。37. have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难
e.g. She has trouble dealing with strangers. 她不太擅长与陌生人打交道。III. Language Points in Text A
1. that we’ve been seeing each other for exactly six months.
have been doing: a present perfect progressive tense indicating that a past action continues into the present and even the future.
e.g. What a day! It has been raining heavily for a whole week. 天气太糟糕了！雨下了整整一个礼拜了。
2. Elaine began to wonder if it bothered him that she said that:Elaine wanted to know if what she had said just now made him feel uncomfortable.
门铃响起，打断了他的思路。
我确实想过辞职，但后来放弃了这一念头。
It borthered him that she had said that:an object clause wonder: want to know
e.g. I was wondering whether or not/ if he?ll turn up in the meeting this afternoon. 我想知道今天下午的会议他是否出席。
it bothered him that she said that: Hereif”” seves as a formal subject while the real subject is “that she said that”.
3. Maybe his feeling is that I
‘m trying to push him into some kind of obligation:
Maybe he
feels that I?m urging him to marry me so that he will assume more marital responsibility.that I ‘m trying to push him into some kind of obligation: a predicative clause
e.g.(1)What they strongly believes is that guys spend a certain amount of time thinking about the relationship. 她们深信男人们应该花一点时间考虑一下男女之间的关系。
(2)The problem is that he refuses to admit his mistake. 问题是他拒绝承认自己的错误。4.It was a day in February when we started going out---:
When we started going out: This is an attributive clause and “when”can be replaced by “on which.”
e.g. The days when people suffered a great deal from malnutrition are gone, never to return. 人们遭受营养不良之苦的年代一去不复返了。
5. Silence filled the car:Everybody in the car was silent. e.g. (1) The car filled with silence. 车里一片寂静。
(2)His family is full of joy and happiness. transmission is under warranty for 90 days.
7.I’m sitting next to a very good person who’s in pain because of my self-centered, school-girl fantasy: I?m sitting next to a very good person who feels bad because of my own selfish and unrealistic ideas about romance.
“because of ” can only be followed by a noun or a noun phrase while by an adverbial clause indicating a reason.
e.g.(1) He walked slowly because of a severely injured leg.
因为腿部严重受伤，他走路速度很慢。
(2) He walked slowly because one of his legs was severely injured. 因为腿部严重受伤，他走路速度很慢。
8.Elaine gazed deeply into his eyes, causing him to become very nervous: Elaine looked deeply into his eyes, which made him feel nervous.
causing him to become very nervous:a participle clause indicating the accompanying circumstance
9.Roger has a guy brain, which is not comfortable with such concepts as love, need and trust: As a man, Roger?s way of thinking is different from that of a woman. He feels awkward when expressing such feeling as love, need and trust.
10.If the guy brain has to form an opinion about another person, it perfers to base it on facts:
e.g. (1)He based his opninion on facts. 他的观点以事实为依据。
(2)His opninion is based on facts. 他的观点以事实为依据。IV. Focus on Grammar
“because” can be followed
他的家庭洋溢着幸福和快乐。
6.They’ll probably say it’s only a 90-day warranty: They?ll probably explain that the
英语表语从句(The predicative clause in English) 当句子的表语是一个主谓结构（即一个分句）
时，这个分句就被称为表语从句。表语从句一
be等的表语。
般由that,what, who, when, where, whether, why, how 等引导，充当系动词e.g. The answer is simply that they aren?t interested in doing it. 答案很简单，他们对做这件事没有兴趣。
The focus of public attention is who will most likely become U.S president in the next four years.公众关注的焦点是谁将最有可能在四年后成为下届美国总统。
This is exactly where the differences between their characters become the most striking. 这就是他们性格差异最明显的地方。
The major headache is how she can efficiently balance the relation between her beloved career and family responsibility.
她感到头痛的是如何有效地处理她所热爱的事业与家庭责任之间的关系。注意：引导表语从句的系动词
be一般为单数形式，视时态情况决定是用
is还是用was。
V. Vocabulary & Language Points in Text B 1. settle v 决定，解决；安顿，安居
e.g. We had settled on a date to leave. 我们已经确定了离开的日期。Phrase: settle a dispute 解决争端
e.g. He eventually realized his dream by settling down in a bustling city. 最终他在大城市立足，实现了他的梦想。Settlement n. 解决；处理；决定；和解2. advance n.前进，进展，进步
(2) advance one step 向前挪一步Phrase: in advance 预先；提前；事先
e.g.The rent must be paid in advance. 租金须预付。advanced adj. 先进的
e.g. advanced ideas 先进的思想3.objective n.
目标，目的
adj. 客观的，不受个人情感或意见影响的；无偏见的
e.g. (1) Her objective was international fame as a scientist. 她的目标是成为享誉国际的科学家。
(2)an objective report/ account/assessment 客观的报道/叙述/评估4. secondary adj.第二位的，次要的
e.g. Such considerations are secondary to our main aim if improving efficiency. 对于我们提高效率的主要目的来说，这些想法都是次要的。5. consideration
n 需要考虑的事；考虑；顾及
e.g. Several considerations have influenced my decision. 好几个考虑因素影响了我的决定。Phrase (1) under consideration 在考虑之中
e.g. The proposals are still under consideration. 那些提议仍在审议中。
(2) take sth in to consideration 将某事考虑在内
e.g. I always take fuel consumption into consideration when buying a car. 我买汽车时总要把燃油消耗量考虑在内。6.simply
adv. 仅仅；简单地，简明地
e.g.(1)I bought the house simply because it was large. 就是因为这房子大我才把它买下来。
(2)He?s always simply dressed. 他的穿着总是很朴素。7.stock
n. 库存
vi. 前进，进展，进步
e.g.(1) the continued advance of civilization 文明的不断进步
Phrase: (1) in stock 有现货的
e.g. The book is in stock. 该书由库存。
(2)out of stock 没有现货的
e.g.The book is out of stock. 该书已经脱销了。8.satisfaction
n . 满意，满足
e.g. (1)She looks back on her past experiences with great satisfaction.
她回顾自己的经历觉得心满意足。
(2)She spent a whole day shopping to her satisfaction. 她足足购物一整天，这让她很尽兴。satisfactory adj 让人感到满足的
e.g. The result of the experiment was satisfactory. 实验结果令人满意。Satisfy vt. 使感到满意或满足
e.g. Nothing satisfies him; he ,s alwasys complaining. 他对什么都不满意，总是抱怨。9. imply
vt. 暗示，隐含n. 含义adv 巧妙地
技巧娴熟的画家/技术熟练的司机/技艺高超的表演者
e.g.His silence implied agreement. 他沉默不语意味着同意了。implication 10. skillfully
Skillful adj 有技巧的；熟练地e.g.a skillful painter/driver/performer skill
n. 技能；技艺；技巧
n. 款式，样式；风格
11. style
e.g.(1)language style 语言风格
(2)hairstyle 发型
(3) architectural style 建筑风格(4)a typically British style of liviing Phrase: (1) in style 时尚的，流行的12.mention
vt. 提及，说起
n. 提及
典型的英国生活方式
(2) out of style 过时
e.g.(1)He didn?t mention anything about what happened last night.
关于昨天晚上发生的一切他只字未提。
(2)Little was mentioned about her literary works. Phrase: not to mention 更不用说；更不必说
e.g. He has a big house and an expensive car, not to mention a villa in France. 他有一所大房子和一辆昂贵的汽车，且不说在法国还有一处别墅了。13.opposite
adj. 相反的；对面的
e.g.(1)Finally they chose to travel in opposite directions.
最终他们决定朝相反的方向各自旅行。
(2)The person sitting opposite me is a complete stranger. 我压根不认识坐在我对面的那个人。14.persuasion n. 说服，劝说
e.g. After a lot of persuasion, he agreed to come. 好说歹说，他才同意来。persuade vt. 说服或劝说某人做某事
e.g.How can we persuade him to join us? 怎么才能说服他参加我们的活动呢？15.companion n. 同伴，伙伴
e.g.A dog is a faithful companion to human beings. 狗是人类忠实的伙伴。companionship 友谊；朋友或伴侣的关系
关于她的文学作品几乎只字未提。
16.contraryadj. 相反的
e.g. The results were contrary to expectation. 结果与预期的相反。Phrase: on the contrary 与此相反；正相反
e.g. It doesn?t seem ugly to me ; on the contrary , I think it?s fairly beautiful. 在我看来它并不难看。相反，我认为它很美。17. excellent adj. 优秀的，极好的
e.g. She speaks excellent English. 她的英语说得非常漂亮。Excellence n. 优秀；卓越；优点；长处18.lookout n 密切注意；守望，监视
Phrase: be on the lookout for sb./sth 监视，注意
e.g. Scientists are on the lookout for the manned space mission heading into space right now. 科学家们正密切注意刚刚发射的载人航天飞机。19. bargain
n. 便宜货；讨价还价
v.讨价还价
e.g.(1)The bargain they reached with their employers was to reduce their wage claim in return for a shorter working week.
他们与雇主谈判的结果是他们在工资方面降低要求，但每周工时要缩短。
(2)Dealers bargain with growers over the price of coffee. 收购商和种植者就咖啡的价格进行商洽。20.enjouable
adj 令人愉快的
e.g.They spent an enjoyable weeken together. 他们在一起度过了一个愉快的周末。enjoyment n. 愉快；快乐；乐趣；满意
e.g. He spoiled my enjoyment of the film by talking all the time.他一直说话，影响了我看电影的兴致。
21. in that case 在那种情况下；如果是那样的话
e.g.You don?t like the job. In that case, why don?t you leave? 你不喜欢这份工作。既然这样为什么不辞职呢？22.as the name implies 顾名思义
e.g.Firemen, as the name implies, save people from fires. 顾名思义，消防队员的任务就是将人们从火宅中救出来。23. in the opposite way 以相反的方式
e.g.He resolved the same problem in the opposite way. 他以相反的方式解决了同样的问题。24. make up one’s mind 打定主意
e.g. He made up his mind to leave for New York and try his fortune there. 他打定主意去纽约试试他的运气。25. to and fro 来回地，往复地
e.g. He made journeys to and fro between London and Paris. 他经常往返于伦敦与巴黎之间。Language Points
1. Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a womanfor clothes is a different experience for a man from that for a woman. not the same as: different from
shopping for clothes: a present participle serves as the subject of the sentence.
2. His purpose is settled and decided in advance: He has a clear idea about what to buy beforehand.
3. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary
: Shopping
。
consideration:
to find it and buy it: an infinitive that serves as the predicative
the price is a secondary consideration: Compared with his purpose of shopping for what he wants, the price is less important.
4. and the business of trying it on follows at once: He immediately tries it on. business: matter, affair
e.g. Your task is to finish the report. The business of polishing it is left to the editor. 你的任务就是写完这篇报道，至于修改和润色，那是编辑的事情。Try on: to put on(clothing, etc) to see it fits and how it looks.
5. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone’s satisfaction:
If everything goes smoothly, the deal can be and oftern it completed in less than five minutes. During the process, the man seldom speaks to the salesperson and both parties feel satisfied. All being well: a nominative absolute structure, meaning “if everything goes smoothly”e.g. All being well, he will get permission soon to leave China and play in the NBA. 如果一切顺利，他将很快离开中国去美国打美国职业篮球联赛。
6.but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned:mentioned.
Happen to do sth: have (the good or bad) fortune; do sth by chance. e.g.When I telephoned, he happened to be out. 我打电话时他碰巧出去了。7. Now how does a woman go about buying clothes?:Now how does a woman buy clothes? Go about: do , conduct
8. Her shopping is not often based on need:A woman often buys things she does not need. 9.She is always open to persuade: She can be easily persuaded to buy something. Open to sth: willing to receive sth.
e.g. The suggestion is open to discussion. 这个建议可供讨论。
10. She will try on any number of things: She will try on as many clothes as she likes.
11.In her mind is the thought of finding something that evryone thinks suits her: This sentence is in inverted order to balance the sentence, and the normal order goes like this: thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her is in her mind.serves as the logical subject of “suits her”.
12. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes:
Unlike what is described in a lot of jokes, most women know exactly whether or not the clothes they buy are worth the money.
13. They are always on the lookout for the unexpected bargain: They are always keeping a close watch in the hope of finding unexpectedly cheap article. On the lookout for: keeping a close watch on VI. Focus on Practical Writing
当接到一份邀请函时，要么接受看，要么拒绝。在前一种情况下，需要表现出乐意、愿
”
“The But would
you like to try it to see whether or not it suits you? By chance it is exactly the color you
that everyone thinks suits her: This is an attributive clause modifying “something”, “something”
意的态度，同时需要向对方表示感谢；在后一种情况下，需要表示遗憾，并说明原因。Sentence patterns for expressing thanks in English: We were delighted to receive your letter inviting us to--- How could we miss (turn down) the prospect of---?
We are excited (thrilled) about/ It would be wonderful/ We are looking forward to meeting at---
Thank you for your invitation.
Some patterns for expressing regret in English:
I am awfully (terrilby)sorry for not being able to -----because---- It is a great pity that we will not be able to go because---- I hope you can understand.
Samples for the writing tasks in this unit:
Jan. 6
Dear Mike,
You can hardly imagine how happy I was to receive your wedding invitation. Youone of the best girls in the world.
However, I am terribly sorry for not being able to attend your wedding ceremony that night as I have promised to have dinner with a very important client on exactly the same day. As you know, this is my very first job and breaking the promise would mean destroying my credibility. I hope you can understand.
My warmest congratulations on your marriage and best wishes for your future!
Yours truly, Xiao Zhang
?ve chosen
you
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