外研版英语八年级下册
Moudle 3 Journey to space
Uint3 Language in use
Ⅰ Teaching model
Revision and application
Ⅱ Teaching method
Formal and interactive practice
Ⅲ Teaching aims
1. Function: Talking about recent events.
2. Structure: Present perfect with already, just and yet.
3. Around the world: Names of the days of the week.
4. Task: Making a poster about space travel.
Ⅳ Teaching aids
Tape recorder, OHP, handouts
V Teaching Steps
Step 1 revision
Show some pictures to review the text of Unit 1 and 2
Step 2 Language practice
1. read through the example sentences in the box with the whole class
2. Ask the students to repeate the sentences in the box
Step 3 Complete the news with already, just and yet.
1. Grammar: 在现在完成时的句子中，already(已经)、just(已刚刚)常用于肯定句，放在have和has的后面，yet(还、尚、仍然)常用于否定句和疑问句，（放在have和has的后面也可在句末）。
2. Complete the news with already, just and yet.
Spaceship on Mars !
Astronauts have (1) _____________ been to the moon but they have not been to any other
planets. However, a spaceship (2) _____________ arrived on Mars and it has (3) _____________ sent back photos of the red planet. Is there life on Mars? We do
not know (4) ______________.
3. Ask the students to check with a partner.
4. Check the answers:
Keys: 1. already 2. just 3. Already 4. yet
Step 4 Look at these sentences.
1. Grammar: have/has been to与have/has gone to的区别
have/has been to表示某人“去过某地，现在已经回来了”。have/has gone to表示某人“去某地了”，这个人已经不在这里了。
2 Ask the students to look at these sentences in Activity 2.
1) The spaceship has gone to Mars.
It has gone there, but it has not come back yet.
2) Astronauts have been to the moon.
They went there and then they came back.
3. Now choose the correct answer.
1) Astronauts have been / gone to the moon and returned.
2) The spaceship has been / gone into space. It will travel for ten days.
3) The astronaut has been / gone to the space station. He will come back tomorrow.
4) The spaceship has been ./ gone to the space station. It brought back two astronauts.
4. Ask the students to check with a partner.
5. Check the answers:
Keys: 1. have been 2. has gone 3. has gone 4. have been
Step 5 Complete the sentences with the expressions in the box.
1. Ask the students to read through the expressions in the box in Activity 3.
have / has been have / has gone
2. Ask the students to read through the sentences in Activity 3.
1) A spaceship ____________ to Mars. It is coming back to the earth next year.
2) Lots of astronauts ___________ to the space station. They found it very interesting.
3) Some astronauts ____________ to the moon twice.
4) Two British astronauts ____________ to the space station. They will come back in January.
3. Complete the sentences with the expressions in the box.
4. Check with a partner.
5. Call back the answers from the whole class.
Keys: 1. has gone 2. have been 3. have been 4. have gone
Step 6 Grammar: 现在完成时(2)
当表示动作已经完成，并对现在有一定影响时，我们一般用现在完成时。同时，可分用
just, already或yet加以强调或说明。例如：
I have just heard the news.我刚听到消息。
Astronauts have already been to the moon.宇航员已经去过月球了。
He has just started to explore other planets.我们才刚刚开始探索其他行星。
可以看出，just 用来表示“刚刚”，already 用来表示“已经”，两者都用于肯定句中，一般是置于have / has 之后。在否定句中则可用yet, 表示“还未”，有“以后可以会”的含义。
例如：
The scientists have not heard from it yet. 科学家还没有收到它发出的信息。
Man has not discovered any life in space yet. 人类尚未在太空中发现生命。
另外，在使用现在完成时的时候，要注意与一般过去时的区别。现在完成时在表达经历时只表示该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于已完成动作对现在的影响。而一般过去时则表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。例如：
I have just been to London. I went there last month.我刚去过伦敦，上个月去的。
I have already finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago. 我已经完成家庭作业了，一小时前完成的。
在没有明确的过去时间状语时，如何判断该用现在完成时还是该用过去时呢？判断的
标准是看该行为是否对现在有影响，也就是说该句强调的是什么。试看以下对话：
A: Where have you put my book? I can’t find it.你把我的书放哪儿去了？我找不到。
B: I put it on your desk yesterday. 我昨天放你桌子上了。
该对话中，当A问对方把自己的书放在何处时，A 感兴趣的是现在的状态，因此用现在完成时。但是B 回答时只是说明当时放的位置，所以用一般过去时。
再看下面的对话：
A: Would you like to go and see the film with me tonight ? 你今晚想和我去看电影吗？
B: Sorry, I have seen it already. 不好意思，我已经看过那部电影了。
对话中的现在完成时表示对结果的强调：
“电影看过了，所以不想再看了。
Step 7 Complete the conversation.
Nicky:I’ve just(1) (watch) a great TV programme about space ,Did you know that scientists have (2) (discover) water on Mars?
Bill:Yes,I did,And scientists (3) (try)to find life on mars now.
Nicky:Yes ,they’re looking for but they(4) (not find)anything yet.
Bill:There were some new photos of Mars in the newspaper today.(5) you (see)them yet?
Nicky: Yes. They’re amazing!
2. Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
3. Ask the students to check with a partner.
4. Check the answers:
Keys: 1. watched 2. discovered 3. are trying 4. haven’t find 5. Have, seen
5. Read the conversation together.
6. Work in pairs. Role–play the conversation in Activity 4.
Step 8 Complete the email with the words in the box.
1. Ask the students to read the words in the box in Activity 6.
Been just met never read written yet
2. Ask the students to read through the email in Activity 6.
FROM: Liu Dan
TO: Li Fang
SUBJECT: I’ve found a great book.
Dear Li Fang,
I’ve (1) ____________finished reading a great book at school. I haven’t (2) ___________ anything as good as that for a long time ! It’s a story about the solar system. In the book, the writer imagines that astronauts have (3) _______________ to Mars. ’ve (4) ______________ thought about that before and I think it’s very interesting. I haven’t (5) ______________ anyone famous in my life but I hope one day I can meet an astronaut. I’ve (6) _____________ to a Chinese astronaut for more information about space and his experience of space travel. I hope he will write back. He hasn’t (7) _____________. Maybe he is too busy. I’m still waiting. Best wishes, Liu Dan
3. Complete the passage with the words in the box.
4. Check with a partner.
5. Call back the answers from the whole class.
Keys: 1. just 2. read 3. been 4. never 5. met 6. written 7. Yet
6. Read the email together.
Step 9 Listening practice.
1. Ask the students to read through the notes in Activity 7.
1) The astronaut joined CNSA __________ years ago.
2) He has flown in a spaceship ___________ times.
3) He felt ___________ when he was in the spaceship.
4) He has been to the space station __________.
5) The earth was blue and very _________ when he saw it from the space station.
6) He decided to be an astronaut because he has always been _________ in space.
2. Play the tape.
3. Listen and complete the notes.
4. Ask the students to check with a partner.
5. Check the answers:
Keys: 1. six 2. two 3. excited 4. twice 5. beautiful 6. interested
Step 10 Complete the word map with the words and expressions in the box.
1. Ask the students to read through the words and expressions in Activity 8. astronaut Mars spaceship space station the earth the moon the sun。
2. Complete the word map with the words and expressions in the box.
3. Ask the students to check with a partner.
4. Check the answers:
5. Now add more words about space to the word map and write five sentences.
Keys: We’ve just read a story about a space station near the sun. Astronauts haven’t been to the sun, because it’s too hot.Spaceships are travelling in our solar system at the moment. I am interested in space and the stars and plants in our galaxy. I think scientists will send astronauts to Mars one day.
Step 11 Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box.
1. Ask the students to read the words in the box in Activity 9. astronaut
discover moon news reach spaceship yet
2. Ask the students to read through the passage in Activity 9. In July 1969 Neil Armstrong became the first (1) __________ to walk on the (2) ___________. People all around the world watched their televisions and waited for the (3) ___________ to (4) ___________ the earth. We have now (5) __________ a lot more about our solar system, and we have sent (6) __________ to Mars, but no one has walked on that planet (7) ___________. But I believe one day someone will!
3. Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box.
Keys: 1. Astronaut 2. moon 3. news 4. reach 5. discovered 6. spaceships 7. yet
4. Check with a partner.
5. Call back the answers from the whole class.
6. Read the passage together.
Step 12 Around the world: Names of the days of the week
1. Ask the students to look at the picture and discuss what they can see.
2. Read through the information with the whole class.
3. Talk something about “Names of the days of the week”. Many European
languages use the names of the heavenly bodies for the days of the week. For example, in English, Saturday is named after the planet Saturn, the sixth planet from the sun. Sunday is the day of the sun, a traditional day of rest. Monday gets its name from the moon and is the day of the moon.
英语星期的表达来历:
Sunday（星期日）：这是一周中的第一天。太阳（sun）在北欧人的心目中是极其神圣的。为了表示对太阳的敬仰，人们把每周的第一天命名为Sunday。
Monday（星期一）：这是一周中的第二天。为了表达对月亮（moon）的敬仰，人们把这一天称作moon day，后来演变为Monday。
Tuesday（星晴二）：这是一周中的第三天。北欧神话里有一个战神叫做Tyr，他机智勇敢，守护人类的平安。为了纪念他，英语中就以他的名字命名为星期二。
Wednesday（星期三）：是以北欧神话中的主神Woden的名字命名的。Woden是北欧神话中掌管文化、艺术、战争等的最高神。
Thursday（星期四）：是以北欧神话中的雷神Thor的名字命名的。Thor是北欧神话中最强大、最勇敢的神，是雷电之神。
Friday（星期五）：是以爱神的名字命名的。北欧神话中的爱神、婚姻女神叫做Frigga，相当于罗马神话中的“维纳斯”。
Saturday（星期六）：这是一周中的第七天。它是以罗马的农神Saturn的名字命名
的。因此是“农神日”，是唯一保留罗马名称的一天。
Step 13 Module task: Making a poster about space travel.
1. Work in groups. Choose a subject, for example, the first moon landing or China’s manned space travels. Look for some photos and information about it.
Step 14 Homework
1. Write captions for the photos and use the information you found in Activity 10 to write a description of each one.
2. Give your poster a title. Put it up for your classmates to see.
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